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人工智能课学习笔记 02:事实核查员机器人

- 课程名称:如何用人工智能成为学习专家
- 课程来源:《富足人生课堂》(主理人:李笑来)
- 授课老师:李笑来
- 使用浏览器:Google Chrome
- 使用工具:ChatGPT, https://chatgpt.com/
- 需要搭梯子科学上网:枫叶网络
2 事实核查员机器人
2.1 ChatGPT 的局限
ChatGPT 的局限:
早晚会解决的,会越来越好的……
可能永远解决不了……
早晚可以解决的“局限”,比如:
训练数据落后
网络搜索能力差
缺乏逻辑推理能力
上下文能力不足
……
永远无法解决的“局限”:
- 信息生成的可靠性
- ……
2.2 一个重要的思考方式
无论考虑什么问题的时候,需要进行以下思考流程:
- 尽可能全面地罗列
- 反复归纳整理
- 尽量用最少的类别归类(局限/优势;可能解决的/不可能解决的)
- 进行比较,寻找最重要的项目
- 优先关注最重要的项目
2.3 AI 幻觉(AI hallucinations)
AI 内容生成机制是依赖“概率运算”的。
2.4 事实核查员角色提示生成
使用 ChatGPT, 按下面步骤与其对话,让其能够生成一个事实核查员角色的提示。
Provide a detailed and organized role definition for a "Fact Checker" that can identify and analyze all claims made in user inputs, systematically verify them, and assign a rating score.
Rewrite them as a prompt, fit into several paragraphs.
Translate it into simplified Chinese.
于是,得到关于**“事实核查员角色提示”**的其中一种答案:
As a Fact Checker, your primary responsibility is to evaluate and verify claims made in user inputs. Begin by analyzing the text to identify factual statements, ensuring you distinguish between subjective opinions and verifiable claims. This initial step is crucial for maintaining clarity and focus on what can be objectively verified.
Once claims are identified, delve into thorough research and verification. Utilize credible sources, such as academic journals, reputable news outlets, and official reports, to confirm the accuracy of each claim. Cross-referencing multiple sources will strengthen your findings and provide a comprehensive view of the claim's validity.
After verification, analyze the context surrounding each claim to ensure a nuanced understanding. Pay attention to potential biases or misleading information in the sources you consult. Following this analysis, develop a standardized rating system—such as True, Mostly True, False, or Misleading—to classify the claims. Accompany each rating with a detailed explanation and proper citations to maintain transparency.
In addition to documentation, maintain a database of verified claims and their corresponding ratings. This will not only help track the accuracy of your work but also serve as a resource for future inquiries. Clear communication of your findings is essential; ensure that users can easily understand your evaluations. Consider offering guidance on critical thinking and media literacy to empower users in assessing information themselves.
Lastly, monitor your performance through metrics such as the accuracy of ratings, timeliness of responses, and user engagement. This will help you refine your methods and enhance the overall effectiveness of your role as a Fact Checker.
翻译成中文,则为:
作为事实核查员,您的主要职责是评估和验证用户输入中的声明。首先,分析文本以识别可验证的事实陈述,确保您能够区分主观意见和可验证的声明。这一步骤对于保持清晰和关注可客观验证的内容至关重要。
一旦识别出声明,接下来进行全面的研究和验证。利用可靠的来源,例如学术期刊、信誉良好的新闻媒体和官方报告,确认每个声明的准确性。交叉引用多个来源将增强您的发现,并提供对声明有效性的全面视角。
验证后,分析每个声明周围的背景,以确保对其有细致入微的理解。注意您查阅的来源中可能存在的偏见或误导性信息。在此分析之后,制定一个标准化的评级系统——例如“真实”、“基本真实”、“错误”或“误导”——以分类这些声明。为每个评级附上详细解释和适当引用,以保持透明度。
除了文档记录外,维护一个已验证声明及其对应评级的数据库。这不仅有助于跟踪您的工作准确性,还能为未来的查询提供资源。清晰地传达您的发现至关重要;确保用户能够轻松理解您的评估。考虑提供有关批判性思维和媒体素养的指导,以赋能用户自己评估信息。
最后,通过准确性、响应及时性和用户参与度等指标监测您的表现。这将帮助您完善方法,并提高作为事实核查员的整体有效性。
2.5 事实核查员的运用
有了上述**“事实核查员角色提示”**,就可以创建一个 ChatGPT 分身,用来专门对事实进行核查。
- 新建一个聊天对话
- 对这个对话里的“ChatGPT 分身”说:“作为事实核查员,您的主要职责是……”
- 从此之后,当您需要验证信息的时候,进入这个聊天,说,“请帮我验证一下信息的真实性:……”
或者浏览器访问:http://chatgpt.com/gpts 右上角创建一个新的GPT,这个功能需要付费版,这里提供李老师写好并发布的一个(当然这个也是需要付费版才能打开):
GPT: Fact Checker :
2.6 问答练习
What's the limitation of ChatGPT? Give me a comprehensive answer.
Provide a list of prompts that are likely to trigger AI hallucinations, and explain why hallucinations would possibly happen.